Ralph Ellis - Egypt , the Hyksos , Pharaohs and the Bible - Red Ice Radio historian Manetho (3rd cent. ḥk’w-ḫ’swt, i.e., rulers of foreign lands). Hurrian and Indo-Aryan elements were unimportant, even if present at all. kings had already occasionally ruled Egypt in the 13th dynasty. But, the historical background of the Hyksos gives insight into why this might be. They specifically taught the Egyptians how to use excellent bronze weapons, compound bows, and horse-drawn chariot during wars. Manetho: from Phoenicia), e.g., Khayan, ’Anat-har, etc. They successfully took over Egypt and a succession of six kings took power, known as “the Great Hyksos Pharaohs.” Josephus quotes Manetho as saying, The Hyksos established their capital at Avaris in the Eastern Delta, controlled the Nile Valley as far south as Hermopolis, and claimed overlordship over the rest of Upper Egypt. It also has been the subject of intense historical debate as it has been tied closely to a period of turmoil and mystery in Egyptian history. Hyksos and Hebrews 12 is a point in Egyptian history at which a Pharaoh allowed a Hebrew man to take control of Egypt’s fortune for fourteen years or more. Some sources say the Hyksos rose to power in the 18th century BC. Other authorities reckon it was in the 17th century. b.c.) Experience the best of C.S. In addition, the Hyksos modeled their society on the pharaohs , or rulers, of the Egyptians. It's found in bible dictionary from Egyp. The Hyksos use of horse burials suggest that the Hyksos introduced both the horse and the chariot to Egypt, however no archaeological, pictorial, or textual evidence exists that the Hyksos possessed chariots, which are first mentioned as ridden by the Egyptians in warfare against them by Ahmose, son of Ebana at the close of Hyksos rule. The Hyksos are not mentioned explicitly in the Bible, but some reminiscences of them can be detected. ), II, chs. Egyptians lived in the land of the gods, and those of lesser quality (regularly referred to as 'Asiatics') were off beyond the borders. The connection made by Josephus and Manetho with the exodus is correct to the extent that the traditions of descent into Egypt and exodus therefrom were at least in part inspired by distant memories of the Hyksos movements (Redford). The Egyptians had treated the Israelites to cruel slavery; now it was their turn to be enslaved. The 108 years of the main Hyksos 15th dynasty may be reckoned at c. 1648-1540 b.c. Bibliography W. G. Waddell, Manetho, Loeb Classical Library (1948); A. H. Gardiner, The Royal Canon of Turin (1959) 17(X:21), plate III:X; W. C. Hayes, T. G. H. James, CAH (new ed. The word, which does not appear in the Bible, was later misinterpreted by Josephus as meaning "shepherd king." The Bible, like many ancient texts, often uses literary formulas, short phrases that a scribe employs either as an idiomatic expression or to indicate something about the nature of the text. historian Manetho (3rd cent. from Egyp.ḥk’w-ḫ’swt, i.e., rulers of foreign lands).Term used by the Egyp. Before the Hyksos takeover, Sem. The Hurrians are referred to in the older texts, and perhaps are referred to as the Horites in the Hebrew biblical texts. ḥk’w-ḫ’swt, i.e., rulers of foreign lands). The connection made by Josephus and Manetho with the exodus is correct to the extent that the traditions of descent into Egypt and exodus therefrom were at least in part inspired by distant memories of the Hyksos movements (Redford). HYKSOS: "...a Palestinian group... who migrated into Egypt during the late Middle Kingdom (c. 1800-1650 BC) and rose to power in Lower Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (1650-1550 BC). 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